Modals
1) can
| Use | Examples |
|---|---|
| ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to) | I can speak English. |
| permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) | Can I go to the cinema? |
| request | Can you wait a moment, please? |
| offer | I can lend you my car till tomorrow. |
| suggestion | Can we visit Grandma at the weekend? |
| possibility | It can get very hot in Arizona. |
2) could
| Use | Examples |
|---|---|
| ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) | I could speak English. |
| permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) | I could go to the cinema. |
| polite question * | Could I go to the cinema, please? |
| polite request * | Could you wait a moment, please? |
| polite offer * | I could lend you my car till tomorrow. |
| polite suggestion * | Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? |
| possibility * | It could get very hot in Montana. |
3) must
| Use | Examples |
|---|---|
| force, necessity | I must go to the supermarket today. |
| possibility | You must be tired. |
| advice, recommendation | You must see the new film with Brad Pitt. |
4) must not
| Use | Examples |
|---|---|
| prohibition | You mustn't work on dad's computer. |
5) should/should't
| Use | Examples |
|---|---|
| advice | You should drive carefully in bad weather. |
| obligation | You should switch off the light when you leave the room. |
PRACTICE
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